Craniel Electrical Stimulation (CES) - Research

Below is a small sampling of research abstracts we have available on CES. The complete research studies on these and other CES related topics are available upon request.

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Treatment of Depression-Shealy, C. et al, Depression: A diagnostic, neurochemical profile and therapy with CES, J of Neuro. & Ortho. Med Surg. 10(4): 319-21, 1989.

Research was conducted with 4 groups: (1) "normal group", (2) intractable chronic pain, (3) chronic pain with depression, and (4) longstanding depression unresponsive to medication. Psychological tests, serotonin and cholinesterace levels were measured pre and post. Depressed patients improved most with treatment; 60% reported improvement, 44% of the pain patients reported improvement. In the depressed patients, after treatment, both serotonin and cholinesterace levels improved significantly. (Modified author abstract).

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Treatment of Anxiety-Schmitt, R. Capo, T. & Boyd, E. CES as a treatment for anxiety in chemically dependent persons. Alcoholism: Clinical and experimental Research. 10(2): 158-160, 1986.

60 substance abusers, mean age 33.9, were given either CES (30), sham CES (10), or (20) no expr. treatment. Four psychological measures administered pre and post. CES and sham patients received 30 min. of treatment daily for 15 days. Treatment t-tests reveal CES patients had significantly greater improvement than did either control group. No placebo effect noted. (Modified author abstract.)

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Insomnia- Weiss, M.F. The treatment of insomnia through electrosleep, J Nerv & Ment.Dis. 157(2): 108-120, 1973.

Patients with objectively measured insomnia were selected randomly from volunteers. After pre-treatment baseline (3 nights) 24 CES treatment and simulated treatments in a double blind manor latency of sleep onset was significantly decreased in CES group, and wake time decreased in CES group, but not in sham group. Stage 1 sleep also decreased significantly in CES group. (Modified author abstract)

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Headache Treatment-Solomon, S. et al, Safety and effectiveness of Cranial Electrotherapy in the treatment of tension headache. Headache, 29,(7): 445-450, 1989.

100 patients were enrolled in a multicenter study to evaluate CES effectiveness of treating headaches. Pain scores before and after 10 minute treatments of individual headaches as well as patient and physician global evaluations were the primary efficacy variables. Following use of the active unit, patients reported an average reduction in pain intensity of approximately 35%. Placebo patients reported a reduction of approximately 18%. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.01). (Modified author abstract).

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Modification of brain wave activity-Braverman, E. & Blum, K. Modification of P300 amplitude and other electrophysiological parameters of drug abuse. Cur Ther Res. 48(4): 586-56, 1990.

P300 waves have a reduced amplitude in many alcoholics, which does not revert to normal, even after continued abstinence. 13 alcohol and/or drug abusers and 2 staff controls were selected as they entered the clinic for a computerized EEG. All were given 40 minutes of CES between pre and post EEG. There were no significant changes in the controls. Following the CES the patient's P300 amplitude increased significantly (P<.05). The time went from a pretreatment of 308 to 317 msec post-treatment. The amplitude (dV) sent from pretreatment of 7.0 to 9.9 post-treatment. Also there were significant positive shifts in alpha, delta, theta and beta spectra in patients who were abnormal in one or more of these areas prior to CES treatment. It was concluded that CES might be a significant non-drug treatment for the underlying electrophysiological disorder of the drug abuser, because the normalization of these electrophysiological parameters are characteristic of pharmaceutical treatment. (Modified author abstact)/p>

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Long term follow up of insomnia treatment-Cartwright, R.D. & Weiss, M. F. The effects of electrosleep on insomnia revisited, J Nerv & Ment. Dis. 161 (2): 134-137, 1975.

Two year follow up done at U of Ill. of Weiss's. The treatment patients, with the exception of 1 person, continued to be free of insomnia 2 years later. Of the sham treated group, 4 had difficulty sleeping but 3 of the 5 awoke moderately well rested. (Modified author abstract)

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Kalie Marino
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